Low-ESL MLCCs |
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Low-ESL MLCCs
[1] Why Low-ESL MLCC?
[2] Comparison of Low-ESL MLCCs
[3] Performance
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Why Low-ESL MLCCs?, Real MLCC
Real MLCC has capacitance, ESR and ESL
Ideal MLCC > Capacitor - Z=1/jwC, Inductor - Z=jWL
Real MLCC > Z=ESR+(jwL+1/jwC), C: Capacitance, ESR: Equivalent Series Resistance, ESL: Equivalent Series Inductance
ESR of MLCC - Dielectric Resistance, In/external Resistanc
ESL of MLCC - Current Variance > Flux Variance > EMF(Electromotive Force) Generated > Inductance ↑ (Inductance(L) = Φ/I)
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Why Low-ESL MLCCs?, HF Impedance
Low ESL of capacitor can decrease voltage fluctuations
- Vout according to ESL
# Buck Converter > Frequency: 3MHz, Vin: 4V, Vout: 1V, Duty ratio = 25%
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Why Low-ESL MLCCs?, Set Trend 1
Low ESL MLCC can be used to reduce the impedance or the mounting area
Set trends
Main Set Trends
- Improve Performance > Frequency ↗
- Higher Performance of SoC, GPU, MCU > Current ↗
- Package Minimize (Ploss ↓) > Operation Voltage ↘
- Set Minimize > Device Size & Amount ↘
Power Requirement for The Set Trends
△V = △I*Z (Z=Smaller Impedance)
How to make Z Smaller
[Method 1] Parallel Connection of MLCCs on same Line
MLCCs in Parallel, Impedance Samller, But Mount Area ↗, Man. hour ↗
[Method 2] Use Low-ESL MLCC
[ESL] 2012 MLCC: 300pH, 2012 VLC: 45pH
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Why Low-ESL MLCCs?, Set Trend 2
Trend of PDN in Smartphone. (The same trend is expected for future automotive)
* As the performance of AP/SoC/GPU improves, 3T cap and low profile capacitors are increasing
Category - Function / Capacitor(1) - Regulating / Capacitor(2) - Decoupling / Capacitor(3) - High Freq. Decoupling
Category - Why Parallel MLCC / Capacitor(1) - Capacitance ↑ / Capacitor(2) - Inductance ↓ / Capacitor(3) - Inductance ↓
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Why Low-ESL MLCCs?, Set Trend 2
Function range of Capacitors in PDN
PMIC - Impedance ↓ Freq. range, MLCC - Tens of kHz~ Hundreads of kHz, 3T - Hundreads of kHz~ Tens of MHz, LSC - Tens of MHz ↑
MLCC - Hundreads of kHz, 3 Terminal - Hundreads of kHz~Tens of MHZ, LSC - Tens of MHZ
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Comparison of Low-ESL MLCCs, ESL by type
Low ESL MLCC can be used to reduce the impedance or the mounting area
MLCC: Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor
LICC: Low Inductance Ceramic Capacitor
SLIC: Super Low Inductance Capacitor
3T Cap.: 3 Terminal Capacitor
VLC: Vertically Laminated Capacitor
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Comparison of Low-ESL MLCCs, Principle
Definition of inductance
L=dΦ/dI, Φ=∫s B*ds
> As the area of the current Loop increases, the inductance increases.
> When Current flows to Coil, B is Overwrapped and Φ increases. > Inductor
Trendency of inductance
Wide Current Path > Small Magnetic flux > Small Inductance
Small Current Path > Small Current Area > Small Inductance
Multiple Current Path > Canceling of Magnetic flux > Small Inductance
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Comparison of Low-ESL MLCCs, Structure (LICC)
Structure of LICC > External View & Internal ELectrodes, Internal Electrodes - 1st internal electrode, 2nd internal electrode
Special Features of LICC > L=u*l/A u=Permeability [H/m], A=Cross-section [m2] l=length [m]
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Comparison of Low-ESL MLCCs, Structure (SLIC)
Structure of SLIC > External View & Internal Electrodes, Internal Electrodes - 1st Internal electrode, 2nd internal electrode
Special Features of SLIC > Inductance Cancellation, 8 Terminal Capacitor, Short Current Loop
Lpart = 2L-2M/2 L: Self Inductance[H], M: Mutual Inductance [H]
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Comparison of Low-ESL MLCCs, Structure (3T)
Structure of 3T > External View & Internal Electrodes, Internal Electrodes - Small double current path
Equivalent Circuit Model > Same Polarity 1&2, 3&4, Equivalent Circuit Model
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Comparison of Low-ESL MLCCs, Structure (VLC)
Structure of VLC > External View & Internal Electrodes, Internal Electrodes - 1st Internal electrode, 2nd internal electrode
Special Features of VLC > Current Path of VLC
- Vertically laminated structure to the circuit board
- Very small double current loops by 3 terminals > Very Low ESL
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Performance, Z by type
3 terminal capacitor shows lower ESL than MLCC and LICC
ESL: Equivalent Series Inductance
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Performance, Effect(Space)
3 terminal capacitor has ESL performance to replace 4 MLCCs
(4*MLCC) > (1*3T-Cap) > Space Saving 36%
1*1005mm 4.3uF 3T-Cap (Plane connection)
4*0603mm MLCC (1uF)
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Performance, Effect(V ripple)
3T Cap shows smaller voltage ripple than MLCC
PMIC 3Vdc - Decoupling Capacitor - V - I (3A, T=15ns)
1*1005mm 4.7uF MLCC
vs.
PMIC 3Vdc - Decoupling Capacitor - V - I (3A, T=15ns)
1*1005mm 4.3uF 3T Cap
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Performance, Effect(V ripple)
3T Cap shows smaller voltage ripple than MLCC
PMIC 3Vdc - Decoupling Capacitor - V - I (3A, T=15ns)
4*0603mm 1uF MLCC
> Design-in (HHP) >
PMIC 3Vdc - Decoupling Capacitor - V - I (3A, T=15ns)
1*1005mm 4.3uF 3T Cap
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